BSGatlas

kinD

BSGatlas-gene-1622

BSGatlas

Description	Information
Coordinates	1431486..1433006
Genomic Size	1521 bp
Name	kinD
Outside Links	SubtiWiki
	BsubCyc
Strand	-
Type	CDS

SubtiWiki

Description	Information
Alternative Name	kinD
	kinD
	ykvD
Category	SW 3 Information processing
	SW 3.3 Protein synthesis, modification and degradation
	SW 3.3.4 Protein modification
	SW 3.3.4.2 Protein kinases
	SW 3.4 Regulation of gene expression
	SW 3.4.2 Transcription factors and their control
	SW 3.4.2.2 Control of two-component response regulators
	SW 3.4.2.2.1 Two-component sensor kinase
	SW 3.4.7 phosphorelay
	SW 3.4.7.1 The kinases
	SW 4 Lifestyles
	SW 4.1 Exponential and early post-exponential lifestyles
	SW 4.1.2 Biofilm formation
	SW 4.1.2.4 Regulation
	SW 4.2 Sporulation
	SW 4.2.2 phosphorelay
	SW 4.2.2.1 The kinases
	SW 6 Groups of genes
	SW 6.2 Membrane proteins
	SW 6.4 Phosphoproteins
	SW 6.4.4 Phosphorylation on a His residue
Description	osmo-sensing two-component sensor kinase, phosphorylates [[protein\|9896B99346B0D3F6D57F57377DB253B46135A37A]], part of the [SW\|phosphorelay], checkpoint protein that links [SW\|sporulation] initiation to [SW\|biofilm formation]
Function	initiation of [SW\|sporulation]
Is essential?	no
Isoelectric point	6.74
Locus Tag	BSU_13660
Molecular weight	56.5362
Name	kinD
Product	two-component sensor kinase

RefSeq

Description	Information
Alternative Locus Tag	BSU13660
Description	Evidence 1a: Function from experimental evidencesin the studied strain; PubMedId: 11069677, 11673427,16166384, 10411754, 21622736, 22074846, 22716461,23569226; Product type e: enzyme
Enzyme Classifications	EC 2.7.13.3: histidine kinase
Functions	16.13: Shape
	16.3: Control
Locus Tag	BSU_13660
Name	kinD
Title	histidine kinase phosphorylating Spo0A
Type	CDS

BsubCyc

Description	Information
Alternative Name	ykvD
Citation	Aguilar C;Vlamakis H;Guzman A;Losick R;Kolter R KinD is a checkpoint protein linking spore formation to extracellular-matrix production in Bacillus subtilis biofilms. MBio 1(1) (2010) PUBMED: 20689749
	Banse AV;Hobbs EC;Losick R Phosphorylation of Spo0A by the histidine kinase KinD requires the lipoprotein med in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 193(15);3949-55 (2011) PUBMED: 21622736
	Chen Y;Cao S;Chai Y;Clardy J;Kolter R;Guo JH;Losick R A Bacillus subtilis sensor kinase involved in triggering biofilm formation on the roots of tomato plants. Mol Microbiol 85(3);418-430 (2012) PUBMED: 22716461
	McLoon AL;Kolodkin-Gal I;Rubinstein SM;Kolter R;Losick R Spatial regulation of histidine kinases governing biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 193(3);679-85 (2011) PUBMED: 21097618
	Rubinstein SM;Kolodkin-Gal I;McLoon A;Chai L;Kolter R;Losick R;Weitz DA Osmotic pressure can regulate matrix gene expression in Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 86(2);426-36 (2012) PUBMED: 22882172
	Shank EA;Klepac-Ceraj V;Collado-Torres L;Powers GE;Losick R;Kolter R Interspecies interactions that result in Bacillus subtilis forming biofilms are mediated mainly by members of its own genus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(48);E1236-43 (2011) PUBMED: 22074846
	Shemesh M;Chai Y A combination of glycerol and manganese promotes biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis via the histidine kinase KinD signaling. J Bacteriol (2013) PUBMED: 23564171
	Wu R;Gu M;Wilton R;Babnigg G;Kim Y;Pokkuluri PR;Szurmant H;Joachimiak A;Schiffer M Insight into the sporulation phosphorelay: Crystal structure of the sensor domain of Bacillus subtilis histidine kinase, KinD. Protein Sci (2013) PUBMED: 23436677
Comment	16.3: Control 16.13: Shape
Description	checkpoint protein linking spore formation to extracellular matrix production
Gene Ontology	GO:0000155 phosphorelay sensor kinase activity
	GO:0000160 phosphorelay signal transduction system
	GO:0000166 nucleotide binding
	GO:0004673 protein histidine kinase activity
	GO:0004871 NA
	GO:0005524 ATP binding
	GO:0005886 plasma membrane
	GO:0007165 signal transduction
	GO:0016020 membrane
	GO:0016021 integral component of membrane
	GO:0016301 kinase activity
	GO:0016310 phosphorylation
	GO:0016740 transferase activity
	GO:0016772 transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
	GO:0018106 peptidyl-histidine phosphorylation
	GO:0023014 signal transduction by protein phosphorylation
	GO:0030435 sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Locus Tag	BSU13660
Molecular weight	56.704
Name	kinD

Nicolas et al. predictions

Description	Information
Expression neg. correlated with	BSU22250, new_1491217_1492167, BSU36060, new_3715928_3716008_c, BSU22040, new_3153832_3153982_c, BSU18760, new_2701783_2703117, BSU22050, BSU24880
Expression pos. correlated with	BSU30390, BSU30400, BSU16960, BSU34070, BSU21840, BSU34060, BSU06073, BSU06074, BSU06076, BSU06077, BSU06078, BSU06079, BSU06083, BSU21830, BSU31490
Highly expressed condition	(BC) Cultures were inoculated from frozen glycerol stocks and grown overnight in LB at 37°C. These cultures were thendiluted, plated onto LB plates, and incubated for 16 h at 37°C. Cells were harvested from plates containing individual colonies [BI] andfrom plates with confluen growth [BC].
	(BI) Cultures were inoculated from frozen glycerol stocks and grown overnight in LB at 37°C. These cultures were thendiluted, plated onto LB plates, and incubated for 16 h at 37°C. Cells were harvested from plates containing individual colonies [BI] andfrom plates with confluen growth [BC].
	(C90) Cellsgrown overnight on LB agar plates at 30°Cwere harvested and used to inoculate pre-warmed minimal medium at OD600 of 0.5 (D. Dubnau, R. Davidoff-Abelson, J Mol Biol 56, 209, Mar 14, 1971). After growth at 37°C with vigorous shaking, cells were diluted ten times in fresh pre-warmed minimal medium and samples were harvested after a period of 30 minutes [C30] , i.e. before maximal induction of competence, and after a period of 90 minutes [C90], i.e. when competence induction was maximal.
	(Cold) Cells were grown in a synthetic medium (J. Stülke, R. Hanschke, M. Hecker, J Gen Microbiol 139, 2041, Sep, 1993) with 0.2 % glucose as carbon source (Belitsky Minimal Medium/BMM) at 37 °C with vigorous shaking. Stress was applied to exponentially growing cultures at OD500nm of 0.4. Samples were harvested before stress [BMM]; after a rapid temperature up-shift from 37 °C to 48 °C [Heat]; after a temperature down-shift from 37 °C to 18 °C [Cold]. Ethanol stress was imposed by adding ethanol to a final concentration of 4 % (v/v) and cells were harvested 10 minutes after ethanol addition [Etha].
	(M0t90) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(Sw) Exponentially growing cells were spotted on 1 % agar LB plates and incubated at 37°C. Swarming cells were collected after 16 hours.
	(T-0.40H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T2.0H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T2.30H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T4.0H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
Lowely expressed condition	(B36) A fresh colony grown on an LB plate was used to inoculate 10 ml of LB and grown for 10 hoursat 30°C. This culture wasused to inoculate 10 ml of MSgg medium (S.S. Branda et al., J Bacteriol 186, 3970, Jun, 2004) and incubated with vigorous shaking. The cultures in MSgg were diluted to the same extent in 96 wells microtiterplates (5 μl for 1.5 ml of medium) and incubated without shaking at 30°C. Cells from the control cultures were harvested after 24 hours of incubation [BT]. Biofilms were harvested from 96 well plates after incubation for 36 hours [B36] and 60 hours [B60].
	(BT) A fresh colony grown on an LB plate was used to inoculate 10 ml of LB and grown for 10 hoursat 30°C. This culture wasused to inoculate 10 ml of MSgg medium (S.S. Branda et al., J Bacteriol 186, 3970, Jun, 2004) and incubated with vigorous shaking. The cultures in MSgg were diluted to the same extent in 96 wells microtiterplates (5 μl for 1.5 ml of medium) and incubated without shaking at 30°C. Cells from the control cultures were harvested after 24 hours of incubation [BT]. Biofilms were harvested from 96 well plates after incubation for 36 hours [B36] and 60 hours [B60].
	(Heat) Cells were grown in a synthetic medium (J. Stülke, R. Hanschke, M. Hecker, J Gen Microbiol 139, 2041, Sep, 1993) with 0.2 % glucose as carbon source (Belitsky Minimal Medium/BMM) at 37 °C with vigorous shaking. Stress was applied to exponentially growing cultures at OD500nm of 0.4. Samples were harvested before stress [BMM]; after a rapid temperature up-shift from 37 °C to 48 °C [Heat]; after a temperature down-shift from 37 °C to 18 °C [Cold]. Ethanol stress was imposed by adding ethanol to a final concentration of 4 % (v/v) and cells were harvested 10 minutes after ethanol addition [Etha].
	(S3) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S4) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S5) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S6) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S7) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S8) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
Name	kinD

KEGG Pathways

Description	Information
Pathway	Two-component system (ko02020)

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