BSGatlas

recA

BSGatlas-gene-1987

BSGatlas

Description	Information
Coordinates	1764645..1765691
Genomic Size	1047 bp
Name	recA
Outside Links	SubtiWiki
	BsubCyc
Strand	+
Type	CDS

SubtiWiki

Description	Information
Alternative Name	recA
	recA
	recE
Category	SW 3 Information processing
	SW 3.1 Genetics
	SW 3.1.5 DNA repair/ recombination
	SW 3.1.5.6 Other proteins
	SW 3.1.7 Genetic competence
	SW 4 Lifestyles
	SW 4.1 Exponential and early post-exponential lifestyles
	SW 4.1.3 Genetic competence
	SW 6 Groups of genes
	SW 6.4 Phosphoproteins
	SW 6.4.1 Phosphorylation on an Arg residue
	SW 6.4.5 Phosphorylation on a Ser residue
Description	multifunctional protein involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair ([[protein\|D267AF38B0CF107042326E9B8F3DD3C9C85840E4]]-autocleavage), required to internalize and to recombine ssDNA with homologous resident duplex, required for efficient survival and replication restart after replication-transcription conflicts
Function	DNA repair/ recombination
Is essential?	no
Isoelectric point	4.88
Locus Tag	BSU_16940
Molecular weight	37.9336
Name	recA
Product	multifunctional protein involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair ([[protein\|D267AF38B0CF107042326E9B8F3DD3C9C85840E4]]-autocleavage)

RefSeq

Description	Information
Alternative Locus Tag	BSU16940
Description	Evidence 1a: Function from experimental evidencesin the studied strain; PubMedId: 11555642, 16024744,16061691, 16267290, 17229847, 22720735, 25939832,26001966, 26930481, 28344191; Product type f: factor
Functions	16.6: Maintain
Locus Tag	BSU_16940
Name	recA
Title	multifunctional SOS repair factor
Type	CDS

BsubCyc

Description	Information
Alternative Name	recE
Citation	Alonso JC;Cardenas PP;Sanchez H;Hejna J;Suzuki Y;Takeyasu K Early steps of double-strand break repair in Bacillus subtilis. DNA Repair (Amst) 12(3);162-76 (2013) PUBMED: 23380520
	Ayora S;Carrasco B;Cardenas PP;Cesar CE;Canas C;Yadav T;Marchisone C;Alonso JC Double-strand break repair in bacteria: a view from Bacillus subtilis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 35(6);1055-81 (2011) PUBMED: 21517913
	Bidnenko V;Shi L;Kobir A;Ventroux M;Pigeonneau N;Henry C;Trubuil A;Noirot-Gros MF;Mijakovic I Bacillus subtilis serine/threonine protein kinase YabT is involved in spore development via phosphorylation of a bacterial recombinase. Mol Microbiol 88(5);921-35 (2013) PUBMED: 23634894
	Cardenas PP;Carzaniga T;Zangrossi S;Briani F;Garcia-Tirado E;Deho G;Alonso JC Polynucleotide phosphorylase exonuclease and polymerase activities on single-stranded DNA ends are modulated by RecN, SsbA and RecA proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 39(21);9250-61 (2011) PUBMED: 21859751
	Cardenas PP;Gandara C;Alonso JC DNA double strand break end-processing and RecA induce RecN expression levels in Bacillus subtilis. DNA Repair (Amst) 14;1-8 (2014) PUBMED: 24373815
	Carrasco B;Serrano E;Sanchez H;Wyman C;Alonso JC Chromosomal transformation in Bacillus subtilis is a non-polar recombination reaction. Nucleic Acids Res (2016) PUBMED: 26786319
	Esbelin J;Mallea S;Clair G;Carlin F Inactivation by Pulsed Light of Bacillus subtilis Spores with Impaired Protection Factors. Photochem Photobiol (2016) PUBMED: 26790838
	Lenhart JS;Brandes ER;Schroeder JW;Sorenson RJ;Showalter HD;Simmons LA RecO and RecR are necessary for RecA loading in response to DNA damage and replication fork stress. J Bacteriol 196(15);2851-60 (2014) PUBMED: 24891441
	Million-Weaver S;Samadpour AN;Merrikh H Replication Restart after Replication-Transcription Conflicts Requires RecA in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 197(14);2374-82 (2015) PUBMED: 25939832
	Ogawa T;Iwata T;Kaneko S;Itaya M;Hirota J An inducible recA expression Bacillus subtilis genome vector for stable manipulation of large DNA fragments. BMC Genomics 16;209 (2015) PUBMED: 25879542
	Ramirez-Guadiana FH;Barajas-Ornelas Rdel C;Corona-Bautista SU;Setlow P;Pedraza-Reyes M The RecA-Dependent SOS Response Is Active and Required for Processing of DNA Damage during Bacillus subtilis Sporulation. PLoS One 11(3);e0150348 (2016) PUBMED: 26930481
	Vlašić I;Mertens R;Seco EM;Carrasco B;Ayora S;Reitz G;Commichau FM;Alonso JC;Moeller R Bacillus subtilis RecA and its accessory factors, RecF, RecO, RecR and RecX, are required for spore resistance to DNA double-strand break. Nucleic Acids Res 42(4);2295-307 (2014) PUBMED: 24285298
	Wannarat W;Motoyama S;Masuda K;Kawamura F;Inaoka T Tetracycline tolerance mediated by gene amplification in Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology 160(Pt 11);2474-80 (2014) PUBMED: 25169108
	Yadav T;Carrasco B;Hejna J;Suzuki Y;Takeyasu K;Alonso JC Bacillus subtilis DprA recruits RecA onto single-stranded DNA and mediates annealing of complementary strands coated by SsbB and SsbA. J Biol Chem 288(31);22437-50 (2013) PUBMED: 23779106
	Yadav T;Carrasco B;Serrano E;Alonso JC Roles of Bacillus subtilis DprA and SsbA in RecA-mediated genetic recombination. J Biol Chem 289(40);27640-52 (2014) PUBMED: 25138221
Comment	16.6: Maintain
Description	multifunctional SOS repair factor
Gene Ontology	GO:0000166 nucleotide binding
	GO:0003677 DNA binding
	GO:0003684 damaged DNA binding
	GO:0003697 single-stranded DNA binding
	GO:0005515 protein binding
	GO:0005524 ATP binding
	GO:0005737 cytoplasm
	GO:0006259 DNA metabolic process
	GO:0006281 DNA repair
	GO:0006310 DNA recombination
	GO:0006974 cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
	GO:0008094 DNA-dependent ATPase activity
	GO:0009295 nucleoid
	GO:0009432 SOS response
	GO:0017111 nucleoside-triphosphatase activity
Locus Tag	BSU16940
Molecular weight	38.059
Name	recA

Nicolas et al. predictions

Description	Information
Expression neg. correlated with	BSU36269, new_2843111_2843532, new_3154077_3154734_c, new_1915122_1915220, BSU12400, new_492500_492577_c, BSU03190, new_344370_344497, BSU18270, new_1147493_1148466_c
Expression pos. correlated with	BSU17860, BSU17870, BSU17850, BSU13660, BSU16960, BSU15290, BSU16120, BSU23890, BSU35490, BSU28120
Highly expressed condition	(BC) Cultures were inoculated from frozen glycerol stocks and grown overnight in LB at 37°C. These cultures were thendiluted, plated onto LB plates, and incubated for 16 h at 37°C. Cells were harvested from plates containing individual colonies [BI] andfrom plates with confluen growth [BC].
	(C30) Cellsgrown overnight on LB agar plates at 30°Cwere harvested and used to inoculate pre-warmed minimal medium at OD600 of 0.5 (D. Dubnau, R. Davidoff-Abelson, J Mol Biol 56, 209, Mar 14, 1971). After growth at 37°C with vigorous shaking, cells were diluted ten times in fresh pre-warmed minimal medium and samples were harvested after a period of 30 minutes [C30] , i.e. before maximal induction of competence, and after a period of 90 minutes [C90], i.e. when competence induction was maximal.
	(C90) Cellsgrown overnight on LB agar plates at 30°Cwere harvested and used to inoculate pre-warmed minimal medium at OD600 of 0.5 (D. Dubnau, R. Davidoff-Abelson, J Mol Biol 56, 209, Mar 14, 1971). After growth at 37°C with vigorous shaking, cells were diluted ten times in fresh pre-warmed minimal medium and samples were harvested after a period of 30 minutes [C30] , i.e. before maximal induction of competence, and after a period of 90 minutes [C90], i.e. when competence induction was maximal.
	(GM+150) A culture of LB medium was inocualted from a frozen glycerol stock of B. subtilis. After few hours at 37oC when the culture was growing exponentially, this culture was used to inoculate M9 minimal medium at several different dilutions usually in the range of 500- to 2000-fold. The dilution range was chosen to ensure that at least one of these M9 precultures had reached an OD600 between 0.5 - 1.0 after overnight incubation. These precultures were then used to inoculate 2.5 L of M9 medium in a 3.1 L KLF bioreactor (Bioengineering AG, Wald, Switzerland) to a starting OD600 of 0.03 – 0.05. Condiions in the bioreactor were rigorously controlled as follows: temperature was controlled at 37 °C; the pH was maintained at exactly 7.2 by automatic titration with 2.0 M KOH and 2.0 M H2SO4, and the dissolved oxygen tension was maintained above 50%. In each nutritional shift experiment cells were grown on the single substrate until the OD600 reached 0.50, at which point the second substrate was added instantaneously (4 g/L L-malate or 3 g/L glucose). The nutrient shifts performed were from glucose to glucose+malate [GM] and from malate to malate+glucose [MG] (Buescher et al., accompanying paper). Cell growth during the course was monitored throughout the experiment by measuring OD600.
	(H2O2) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C. At OD540 of 0.3, the culture were divided into four subcultures and diamide 0.6 mM [Diami], paraquat 0.4 mM [Paraq], H2O2 0.1mM [H2O2] or no oxidative drug [Oxctl] were added to the medium. Samples were taken 10 minutes after addition
	(LBGstat) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) supplemented with glucose 0.3 % [LBG] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(M40t45) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(M40t90) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(S2) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(Sw) Exponentially growing cells were spotted on 1 % agar LB plates and incubated at 37°C. Swarming cells were collected after 16 hours.
Lowely expressed condition	(B36) A fresh colony grown on an LB plate was used to inoculate 10 ml of LB and grown for 10 hoursat 30°C. This culture wasused to inoculate 10 ml of MSgg medium (S.S. Branda et al., J Bacteriol 186, 3970, Jun, 2004) and incubated with vigorous shaking. The cultures in MSgg were diluted to the same extent in 96 wells microtiterplates (5 μl for 1.5 ml of medium) and incubated without shaking at 30°C. Cells from the control cultures were harvested after 24 hours of incubation [BT]. Biofilms were harvested from 96 well plates after incubation for 36 hours [B36] and 60 hours [B60].
	(BMM) Cells were grown in a synthetic medium (J. Stülke, R. Hanschke, M. Hecker, J Gen Microbiol 139, 2041, Sep, 1993) with 0.2 % glucose as carbon source (Belitsky Minimal Medium/BMM) at 37 °C with vigorous shaking. Stress was applied to exponentially growing cultures at OD500nm of 0.4. Samples were harvested before stress [BMM]; after a rapid temperature up-shift from 37 °C to 48 °C [Heat]; after a temperature down-shift from 37 °C to 18 °C [Cold]. Ethanol stress was imposed by adding ethanol to a final concentration of 4 % (v/v) and cells were harvested 10 minutes after ethanol addition [Etha].
	(BT) A fresh colony grown on an LB plate was used to inoculate 10 ml of LB and grown for 10 hoursat 30°C. This culture wasused to inoculate 10 ml of MSgg medium (S.S. Branda et al., J Bacteriol 186, 3970, Jun, 2004) and incubated with vigorous shaking. The cultures in MSgg were diluted to the same extent in 96 wells microtiterplates (5 μl for 1.5 ml of medium) and incubated without shaking at 30°C. Cells from the control cultures were harvested after 24 hours of incubation [BT]. Biofilms were harvested from 96 well plates after incubation for 36 hours [B36] and 60 hours [B60].
	(Etha) Cells were grown in a synthetic medium (J. Stülke, R. Hanschke, M. Hecker, J Gen Microbiol 139, 2041, Sep, 1993) with 0.2 % glucose as carbon source (Belitsky Minimal Medium/BMM) at 37 °C with vigorous shaking. Stress was applied to exponentially growing cultures at OD500nm of 0.4. Samples were harvested before stress [BMM]; after a rapid temperature up-shift from 37 °C to 48 °C [Heat]; after a temperature down-shift from 37 °C to 18 °C [Cold]. Ethanol stress was imposed by adding ethanol to a final concentration of 4 % (v/v) and cells were harvested 10 minutes after ethanol addition [Etha].
	(Fru) A 5 ml aliquot of LB medium was inoculated using frozen culture stocks. After a few hours growth at 37°C, precultures were prepared by inoculating 5 ml of M9 with this LB culture at several different dilutions usually ranging from 500- to 2000-fold. The dilution range was chosen so that one of these precultures had grown to and OD600 of 0.5 - 1.0 after overnight inculation. The chosen M9 medium precultures [at OD600 of 0.5 - 1.0] were used to inoculate 100 mL of M9 medium in 500 mL non-baffled shake flasks to an OD600 of 0.02. Filter-sterilized carbon sources were added separately to the medium M9 at following concentration: D-Glucose 3g/L[Glu], L-Malic acid 4.5g/L[Mal], L-Malic acid + D-Glucose 3 and 2g/L[M+G], D-Fructose 3g/L[Fru], D-Gluconate 4g/L[Glucon], Pyruvate 6g/L[Pyr], Glycerol 6g/L[Gly], Glutamic acid + Succinic acid 2 and 2g/L[G+S]. Where necessary, carbon source solutions were pH neutralized with 4 M NaOH prior to addition to the medium. Cells were harvested during the exponential growth phase.
	(GM+15) A culture of LB medium was inocualted from a frozen glycerol stock of B. subtilis. After few hours at 37oC when the culture was growing exponentially, this culture was used to inoculate M9 minimal medium at several different dilutions usually in the range of 500- to 2000-fold. The dilution range was chosen to ensure that at least one of these M9 precultures had reached an OD600 between 0.5 - 1.0 after overnight incubation. These precultures were then used to inoculate 2.5 L of M9 medium in a 3.1 L KLF bioreactor (Bioengineering AG, Wald, Switzerland) to a starting OD600 of 0.03 – 0.05. Condiions in the bioreactor were rigorously controlled as follows: temperature was controlled at 37 °C; the pH was maintained at exactly 7.2 by automatic titration with 2.0 M KOH and 2.0 M H2SO4, and the dissolved oxygen tension was maintained above 50%. In each nutritional shift experiment cells were grown on the single substrate until the OD600 reached 0.50, at which point the second substrate was added instantaneously (4 g/L L-malate or 3 g/L glucose). The nutrient shifts performed were from glucose to glucose+malate [GM] and from malate to malate+glucose [MG] (Buescher et al., accompanying paper). Cell growth during the course was monitored throughout the experiment by measuring OD600.
	(S6) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S7) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S8) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
Name	recA

KEGG Pathways

Description	Information
Pathway	Homologous recombination (ko03440)

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