BSGatlas

comX

BSGatlas-gene-3723

BSGatlas

Description	Information
Coordinates	3255853..3256020
Genomic Size	168 bp
Name	comX
Outside Links	SubtiWiki
	BsubCyc
Strand	-
Type	CDS

SubtiWiki

Description	Information
Alternative Name	comX
Category	SW 3 Information processing
	SW 3.1 Genetics
	SW 3.1.7 Genetic competence
	SW 3.4 Regulation of gene expression
	SW 3.4.8 Quorum sensing
	SW 4 Lifestyles
	SW 4.1 Exponential and early post-exponential lifestyles
	SW 4.1.3 Genetic competence
Description	competence pheromone precursor, transfers cell density signal to [[protein\|5A00E233F0B5A0DAB18D2ECC55527F1911987F86]]; triggers the production of surfactin
Function	[[category\|SW 3.4.8]]
Is essential?	no
Isoelectric point	4.36
Locus Tag	BSU_31700
Molecular weight	6.3831
Name	comX
Product	competence pheromone precursor

RefSeq

Description	Information
Alternative Locus Tag	BSU31700
Description	Evidence 1a: Function from experimental evidencesin the studied strain; PubMedId: 11751817, 12067344,14679219, 16407988, 17240141, 18323630, 21636272,21821957, 28326143, 28391484; Product type f: factor
Functions	16.12: Sense
	16.3: Control
Locus Tag	BSU_31700
Name	comX
Title	competence pheromone precursor (pheromonepeptide aa 46->55, geranyl-modified)
Type	CDS

BsubCyc

Description	Information
Citation	Chan JM;Guttenplan SB;Kearns DB Defects in the flagellar motor increase synthesis of poly-γ-glutamate in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 196(4);740-53 (2014) PUBMED: 24296669
	Dogsa I;Choudhary KS;Marsetic Z;Hudaiberdiev S;Vera R;Pongor S;Mandic-Mulec I ComQXPA Quorum Sensing Systems May Not Be Unique to Bacillus subtilis: A Census in Prokaryotic Genomes. PLoS One 9(5);e96122 (2014) PUBMED: 24788106
	Okada M Post-translational isoprenylation of tryptophan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 75(8);1413-7 (2011) PUBMED: 21821957
	Oslizlo A;Stefanic P;Dogsa I;Mandic-Mulec I Private link between signal and response in Bacillus subtilis quorum sensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(4);1586-91 (2014) PUBMED: 24425772
	Pollak S;Omer-Bendori S;Even-Tov E;Lipsman V;Bareia T;Ben-Zion I;Eldar A Facultative cheating supports the coexistence of diverse quorum-sensing alleles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(8);2152-7 (2016) PUBMED: 26787913
	Shank EA;Kolter R Extracellular signaling and multicellularity in Bacillus subtilis. Curr Opin Microbiol 14(6);741-7 (2011) PUBMED: 22024380
	Tsuji F;Ishihara A;Kurata K;Nakagawa A;Okada M;Kitamura S;Kanamaru K;Masuda Y;Murakami K;Irie K;Sakagami Y Geranyl modification on the tryptophan residue of ComXRO-E-2 pheromone by a cell-free system. FEBS Lett 586(2);174-9 (2012) PUBMED: 22197102
	Tsuji F;Ishihara A;Nakagawa A;Okada M;Kitamura S;Kanamaru K;Masuda Y;Murakami K;Irie K;Sakagami Y Lack of the consensus sequence necessary for tryptophan prenylation in the ComX pheromone precursor. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 76(8);1492-6 (2012) PUBMED: 22878193
	Tsuji F;Kobayashi K;Okada M;Yamaguchi H;Ojika M;Sakagami Y The geranyl-modified tryptophan residue is crucial for ComXRO-E-2 pheromone biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 21(13);4041-4 (2011) PUBMED: 21636272
	Zafra O;Lamprecht-Grandio M;de Figueras CG;Gonzalez-Pastor JE Extracellular DNA Release by Undomesticated Bacillus subtilis Is Regulated by Early Competence. PLoS One 7(11);e48716 (2012) PUBMED: 23133654
Comment	16.3: Control 16.12: Sense
Description	competence pheromone precursor (pheromone peptide aa 46->55, modified)
Gene Ontology	GO:0005186 pheromone activity
	GO:0005576 extracellular region
	GO:0030420 establishment of competence for transformation
	GO:0030435 sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
Locus Tag	BSU31700
Molecular weight	6.518
Name	comX

Nicolas et al. predictions

Description	Information
Expression neg. correlated with	new_1446841_1447052, BSU00710, BSU03840, BSU00700, BSU13820, BSU00420, BSU40440, new_489666_490525_c, new_1872786_1873153, BSU33990
Expression pos. correlated with	BSU31710, BSU31690, new_3256908_3257021_c, new_2995911_2996282, BSU31945, BSU29110, BSU18920, BSU24780, BSU06170, BSU20810
Highly expressed condition	(LBstat) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) [LB] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LPhT) Cells were harvested (i) during exponential growth in high phosphate defined medium [HPh]; (ii) during exponential growth in low phosphate defined medium [LPh] (J. P. Muller, Z. An, T. Merad, I. C. Hancock, C. R. Harwood, Microbiology 143, 947, Mar, 1997);and (iii) at three hours after the outset of the phosphate-limitation induced stationary phase [LPhT].
	(M0t90) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(M40t90) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(M9stat) Cells were grown in M9 supplemented with glucose (0.3 %) at 37°C with vigorous shaking. The composition of the M9 minimal medium is (per liter): 8.5 g Na2HPO4.2H20, 3 g KH2PO4, 1 g NH4Cl and 0.5 g NaCl. The following solutions were individually sterilized and added (volumes per liter of medium): 1 ml 0.1 M CaCl2.2H2O, 1 ml 1 M MgSO4.7H2O, 1 ml 50 mM Fe-Citrate. Also added was 10 ml of a trace salts solution containing (per liter): 170 mg ZnCl2, 100 mg MnCl2.4H2O, 60 mg CoCl2.6H2O, 60 mg Na2MoO4.2H2O and 43 mg CuCl2.2H2O. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in pre-warmed M9 medium and samples were harvested during exponential growth [M9exp], at the transition phase [M9tran] and during stationary phase [M9stat].
	(S2) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S4) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S5) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(T0.30H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T1.30H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
Lowely expressed condition	(C30) Cellsgrown overnight on LB agar plates at 30°Cwere harvested and used to inoculate pre-warmed minimal medium at OD600 of 0.5 (D. Dubnau, R. Davidoff-Abelson, J Mol Biol 56, 209, Mar 14, 1971). After growth at 37°C with vigorous shaking, cells were diluted ten times in fresh pre-warmed minimal medium and samples were harvested after a period of 30 minutes [C30] , i.e. before maximal induction of competence, and after a period of 90 minutes [C90], i.e. when competence induction was maximal.
	(dia15) Diamide was added to an exponentially growing culture (OD600 approx. 0.6) at a sub-lethal concentration(0.5 mM) and growth continued at 37°C with vigorous shaking. Samples were collected 0, 5 and 15 minutes after diamide addition [dia0, dia5 and dia15].
	(Diami) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C. At OD540 of 0.3, the culture were divided into four subcultures and diamide 0.6 mM [Diami], paraquat 0.4 mM [Paraq], H2O2 0.1mM [H2O2] or no oxidative drug [Oxctl] were added to the medium. Samples were taken 10 minutes after addition
	(G135) Purified spores were obtained by growing cells in DSM medium (P. Schaeffer, J. Millet, J. P. Aubert, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54, 704, Sep, 1965) at 37°C for 48 hours after which they were washed ten times in ice cold distilled waterover a period of 5 days. Purified spores were heat activated at 70°C in Tris 10 mM pH8.4 and germination was initiated by the addition of L-alanine 10 mM (A. Moir, J Bacteriol 146, 1106, Jun, 1981). After incubation for one hour at 37°C, the culture was diluted with an equal volume of 2X LBmedium and germinating cells were harvested at 135, 150 or 180 minutes after addition of L-alanine [G135, G150 and G180].
	(G180) Purified spores were obtained by growing cells in DSM medium (P. Schaeffer, J. Millet, J. P. Aubert, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54, 704, Sep, 1965) at 37°C for 48 hours after which they were washed ten times in ice cold distilled waterover a period of 5 days. Purified spores were heat activated at 70°C in Tris 10 mM pH8.4 and germination was initiated by the addition of L-alanine 10 mM (A. Moir, J Bacteriol 146, 1106, Jun, 1981). After incubation for one hour at 37°C, the culture was diluted with an equal volume of 2X LBmedium and germinating cells were harvested at 135, 150 or 180 minutes after addition of L-alanine [G135, G150 and G180].
	(H2O2) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C. At OD540 of 0.3, the culture were divided into four subcultures and diamide 0.6 mM [Diami], paraquat 0.4 mM [Paraq], H2O2 0.1mM [H2O2] or no oxidative drug [Oxctl] were added to the medium. Samples were taken 10 minutes after addition
	(Oxctl) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C. At OD540 of 0.3, the culture were divided into four subcultures and diamide 0.6 mM [Diami], paraquat 0.4 mM [Paraq], H2O2 0.1mM [H2O2] or no oxidative drug [Oxctl] were added to the medium. Samples were taken 10 minutes after addition
	(Paraq) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C. At OD540 of 0.3, the culture were divided into four subcultures and diamide 0.6 mM [Diami], paraquat 0.4 mM [Paraq], H2O2 0.1mM [H2O2] or no oxidative drug [Oxctl] were added to the medium. Samples were taken 10 minutes after addition
	(Salt) Cells were grown in Spizizen’s minimal medium (SMM) at 37 °C with vigorous shaking. Salt was added, to a final concentration of 0.4 M to an exponentially growing culture of cells at OD500 of 0.4. Samples were harvested before [SMM] and 10 minutes after [Salt] NaCl addition.
	(Sw) Exponentially growing cells were spotted on 1 % agar LB plates and incubated at 37°C. Swarming cells were collected after 16 hours.
Name	comX

KEGG Pathways

Description	Information
Pathway	Two-component system (ko02020)
	Quorum sensing (ko02024)

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