BSGatlas

comFA

BSGatlas-gene-4139

BSGatlas

Description	Information
Coordinates	3642167..3643558
Genomic Size	1392 bp
Name	comFA
Outside Links	SubtiWiki
	BsubCyc
Strand	-
Type	CDS

SubtiWiki

Description	Information
Alternative Name	comFA
Category	SW 3 Information processing
	SW 3.1 Genetics
	SW 3.1.7 Genetic competence
	SW 4 Lifestyles
	SW 4.1 Exponential and early post-exponential lifestyles
	SW 4.1.3 Genetic competence
	SW 6 Groups of genes
	SW 6.2 Membrane proteins
	SW 6.4 Phosphoproteins
	SW 6.4.1 Phosphorylation on an Arg residue
Description	membrane-associated DNA-dependent ATPase, may provide energy for DNA transport
Function	genetic competence
Is essential?	no
Isoelectric point	9.82
Locus Tag	BSU_35470
Molecular weight	52.3998
Name	comFA
Product	ATP-binding protein

RefSeq

Description	Information
Alternative Locus Tag	BSU35470
Description	Evidence 1a: Function from experimental evidencesin the studied strain; PubMedId: 8045895, 11359569,12123453, 16009133, 21397556, 28559293; Product type e :enzyme
Functions	16.1: Circulate
Locus Tag	BSU_35470
Name	comFA
Title	ATP-dependent helicase competence protein
Type	CDS

BsubCyc

Description	Information
Citation	Kruger NJ;Stingl K Two steps away from novelty--principles of bacterial DNA uptake. Mol Microbiol 80(4);860-7 (2011) PUBMED: 21435041
	Takeno M;Taguchi H;Akamatsu T Role of ComFA in controlling the DNA uptake rate during transformation of competent Bacillus subtilis. J Biosci Bioeng 111(6);618-23 (2011) PUBMED: 21397556
Comment	16.1: Circulate
Description	helicase competence protein
Gene Ontology	GO:0000166 nucleotide binding
	GO:0003676 nucleic acid binding
	GO:0003677 DNA binding
	GO:0004386 helicase activity
	GO:0005524 ATP binding
	GO:0008152 metabolic process
	GO:0016787 hydrolase activity
	GO:0030420 establishment of competence for transformation
Locus Tag	BSU35470
Molecular weight	52.566
Name	comFA

Nicolas et al. predictions

Description	Information
Expression neg. correlated with	BSU36740, BSU07170, BSU07180, BSU05080, BSU19620, BSU39630, BSU13819, BSU40770, BSU39640, BSU30800, BSU03130
Expression pos. correlated with	BSU35450, BSU24690, BSU24700, BSU24720, BSU24710, BSU24730, new_368894_371728_c, new_3862327_3866553, BSU25590, BSU24680
Highly expressed condition	(GM+150) A culture of LB medium was inocualted from a frozen glycerol stock of B. subtilis. After few hours at 37oC when the culture was growing exponentially, this culture was used to inoculate M9 minimal medium at several different dilutions usually in the range of 500- to 2000-fold. The dilution range was chosen to ensure that at least one of these M9 precultures had reached an OD600 between 0.5 - 1.0 after overnight incubation. These precultures were then used to inoculate 2.5 L of M9 medium in a 3.1 L KLF bioreactor (Bioengineering AG, Wald, Switzerland) to a starting OD600 of 0.03 – 0.05. Condiions in the bioreactor were rigorously controlled as follows: temperature was controlled at 37 °C; the pH was maintained at exactly 7.2 by automatic titration with 2.0 M KOH and 2.0 M H2SO4, and the dissolved oxygen tension was maintained above 50%. In each nutritional shift experiment cells were grown on the single substrate until the OD600 reached 0.50, at which point the second substrate was added instantaneously (4 g/L L-malate or 3 g/L glucose). The nutrient shifts performed were from glucose to glucose+malate [GM] and from malate to malate+glucose [MG] (Buescher et al., accompanying paper). Cell growth during the course was monitored throughout the experiment by measuring OD600.
	(S2) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(T-2.40H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T-3.40H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T-4.40H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T0.30H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T1.0H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T1.30H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
	(T2.0H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
Lowely expressed condition	(BT) A fresh colony grown on an LB plate was used to inoculate 10 ml of LB and grown for 10 hoursat 30°C. This culture wasused to inoculate 10 ml of MSgg medium (S.S. Branda et al., J Bacteriol 186, 3970, Jun, 2004) and incubated with vigorous shaking. The cultures in MSgg were diluted to the same extent in 96 wells microtiterplates (5 μl for 1.5 ml of medium) and incubated without shaking at 30°C. Cells from the control cultures were harvested after 24 hours of incubation [BT]. Biofilms were harvested from 96 well plates after incubation for 36 hours [B36] and 60 hours [B60].
	(dia0) Diamide was added to an exponentially growing culture (OD600 approx. 0.6) at a sub-lethal concentration(0.5 mM) and growth continued at 37°C with vigorous shaking. Samples were collected 0, 5 and 15 minutes after diamide addition [dia0, dia5 and dia15].
	(G135) Purified spores were obtained by growing cells in DSM medium (P. Schaeffer, J. Millet, J. P. Aubert, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54, 704, Sep, 1965) at 37°C for 48 hours after which they were washed ten times in ice cold distilled waterover a period of 5 days. Purified spores were heat activated at 70°C in Tris 10 mM pH8.4 and germination was initiated by the addition of L-alanine 10 mM (A. Moir, J Bacteriol 146, 1106, Jun, 1981). After incubation for one hour at 37°C, the culture was diluted with an equal volume of 2X LBmedium and germinating cells were harvested at 135, 150 or 180 minutes after addition of L-alanine [G135, G150 and G180].
	(G150) Purified spores were obtained by growing cells in DSM medium (P. Schaeffer, J. Millet, J. P. Aubert, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54, 704, Sep, 1965) at 37°C for 48 hours after which they were washed ten times in ice cold distilled waterover a period of 5 days. Purified spores were heat activated at 70°C in Tris 10 mM pH8.4 and germination was initiated by the addition of L-alanine 10 mM (A. Moir, J Bacteriol 146, 1106, Jun, 1981). After incubation for one hour at 37°C, the culture was diluted with an equal volume of 2X LBmedium and germinating cells were harvested at 135, 150 or 180 minutes after addition of L-alanine [G135, G150 and G180].
	(G180) Purified spores were obtained by growing cells in DSM medium (P. Schaeffer, J. Millet, J. P. Aubert, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54, 704, Sep, 1965) at 37°C for 48 hours after which they were washed ten times in ice cold distilled waterover a period of 5 days. Purified spores were heat activated at 70°C in Tris 10 mM pH8.4 and germination was initiated by the addition of L-alanine 10 mM (A. Moir, J Bacteriol 146, 1106, Jun, 1981). After incubation for one hour at 37°C, the culture was diluted with an equal volume of 2X LBmedium and germinating cells were harvested at 135, 150 or 180 minutes after addition of L-alanine [G135, G150 and G180].
	(Heat) Cells were grown in a synthetic medium (J. Stülke, R. Hanschke, M. Hecker, J Gen Microbiol 139, 2041, Sep, 1993) with 0.2 % glucose as carbon source (Belitsky Minimal Medium/BMM) at 37 °C with vigorous shaking. Stress was applied to exponentially growing cultures at OD500nm of 0.4. Samples were harvested before stress [BMM]; after a rapid temperature up-shift from 37 °C to 48 °C [Heat]; after a temperature down-shift from 37 °C to 18 °C [Cold]. Ethanol stress was imposed by adding ethanol to a final concentration of 4 % (v/v) and cells were harvested 10 minutes after ethanol addition [Etha].
	(HiTm) Cells were grown in Spizizen’s minimal medium (SMM) (C. Anagnostopoulos, J. Spizizen, J Bacteriol 81, 741, May, 1961) with vigorous agitation. The control culture was grown at 37 °C [SMMPr]. For growth at high or low temperatures, pre-cultures were grown at 37 °C, diluted to an OD578nm of 0.1 and subsequently transferred to 51 °C [HiTm] and 16 °C [LoTm], respectively. For the growth at high salinity, the salinity of the medium was adjusted by adding NaCl (5 M stock solution) to produce a final concentration of 1.2 M [HiOs].
	(LBexp) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) [LB] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LBtran) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) [LB] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LPhT) Cells were harvested (i) during exponential growth in high phosphate defined medium [HPh]; (ii) during exponential growth in low phosphate defined medium [LPh] (J. P. Muller, Z. An, T. Merad, I. C. Hancock, C. R. Harwood, Microbiology 143, 947, Mar, 1997);and (iii) at three hours after the outset of the phosphate-limitation induced stationary phase [LPhT].
Name	comFA

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