BSGatlas

galE

BSGatlas-gene-4515

BSGatlas

Description	Information
Coordinates	3989948..3990967
Genomic Size	1020 bp
Name	galE
Outside Links	SubtiWiki
	BsubCyc
Strand	-
Type	CDS

SubtiWiki

Description	Information
Alternative Name	galE
Category	SW 2 Metabolism
	SW 2.2 Carbon metabolism
	SW 2.2.2 Utilization of specific carbon sources
	SW 2.2.2.8 Utilization of galactose
	SW 4 Lifestyles
	SW 4.1 Exponential and early post-exponential lifestyles
	SW 4.1.2 Biofilm formation
	SW 4.1.2.1 Matrix polysaccharide synthesis
Description	UDP glucose 4-epimerase
Enzyme Classifications	EC 5.1.3.2: UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
Function	galactose utilization
Is essential?	no
Isoelectric point	4.78
Locus Tag	BSU_38860
Molecular weight	36.8523
Name	galE
Product	UDP glucose 4-epimerase

RefSeq

Description	Information
Alternative Locus Tag	BSU38860
Description	Evidence 1a: Function from experimental evidencesin the studied strain; PubMedId: 1906927, 9555917,14597172; Product type e: enzyme
Enzyme Classifications	EC 5.1.3.2: UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
	EC 5.1.3.7: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase
Functions	16.11: Scavenge (Catabolism)
	16.8: Protect
Locus Tag	BSU_38860
Name	galE
Title	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
Type	CDS

BsubCyc

Description	Information
Alternative Name	gne
	gneA
Citation	Chai Y;Beauregard PB;Vlamakis H;Losick R;Kolter R Galactose Metabolism Plays a Crucial Role in Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis. MBio 3(4) (2012) PUBMED: 22893383
	Chai Y;Beauregard PB;Vlamakis H;Losick R;Kolter R Galactose Metabolism Plays a Crucial Role in Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis. MBio 4(1) (2013) PUBMED: 23300252
	Gamba P;Rietkotter E;Daniel RA;Hamoen LW Tetracycline hypersensitivity of an ezrA mutant links GalE and TseB (YpmB) to cell division. Front Microbiol 6;346 (2015) PUBMED: 25954268
	Krispin O;Allmansberger R The Bacillus subtilis galE gene is essential in the presence of glucose and galactose. J Bacteriol 180(8);2265-70 (1998) PUBMED: 9555917
Description	UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
Enzyme Classifications	EC 5.1.3.2: UDP-glucose 4-epimerase
	EC 5.1.3.7: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase
Gene Ontology	GO:0003824 catalytic activity
	GO:0003974 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase activity
	GO:0003978 UDP-glucose 4-epimerase activity
	GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process
	GO:0006012 galactose metabolic process
	GO:0016853 isomerase activity
	GO:0016857 racemase and epimerase activity, acting on carbohydrates and derivatives
	GO:0044237 cellular metabolic process
	GO:0050662 coenzyme binding
	GO:0070398 wall teichoic acid biosynthetic process
Locus Tag	BSU38860
Molecular weight	37.009
Name	galE

Nicolas et al. predictions

Description	Information
Expression neg. correlated with	new_2701783_2703117, new_1903330_1903490, BSU18760, new_3153832_3153982_c, BSU22250, new_4194210_4195441_c, new_4159457_4159757_c, BSU25730, BSU03690, BSU25750
Expression pos. correlated with	BSU34820, BSU34100, BSU34110, new_3577620_3577744_c, BSU40960, BSU29610, BSU16960, BSU35490, BSU31500, BSU36250
Highly expressed condition	(BI) Cultures were inoculated from frozen glycerol stocks and grown overnight in LB at 37°C. These cultures were thendiluted, plated onto LB plates, and incubated for 16 h at 37°C. Cells were harvested from plates containing individual colonies [BI] andfrom plates with confluen growth [BC].
	(C90) Cellsgrown overnight on LB agar plates at 30°Cwere harvested and used to inoculate pre-warmed minimal medium at OD600 of 0.5 (D. Dubnau, R. Davidoff-Abelson, J Mol Biol 56, 209, Mar 14, 1971). After growth at 37°C with vigorous shaking, cells were diluted ten times in fresh pre-warmed minimal medium and samples were harvested after a period of 30 minutes [C30] , i.e. before maximal induction of competence, and after a period of 90 minutes [C90], i.e. when competence induction was maximal.
	(LBGstat) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) supplemented with glucose 0.3 % [LBG] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LBGtran) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) supplemented with glucose 0.3 % [LBG] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LBstat) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) [LB] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LBtran) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) [LB] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LPhT) Cells were harvested (i) during exponential growth in high phosphate defined medium [HPh]; (ii) during exponential growth in low phosphate defined medium [LPh] (J. P. Muller, Z. An, T. Merad, I. C. Hancock, C. R. Harwood, Microbiology 143, 947, Mar, 1997);and (iii) at three hours after the outset of the phosphate-limitation induced stationary phase [LPhT].
	(M0t45) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(M40t45) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(M40t90) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
Lowely expressed condition	(dia15) Diamide was added to an exponentially growing culture (OD600 approx. 0.6) at a sub-lethal concentration(0.5 mM) and growth continued at 37°C with vigorous shaking. Samples were collected 0, 5 and 15 minutes after diamide addition [dia0, dia5 and dia15].
	(Diami) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C. At OD540 of 0.3, the culture were divided into four subcultures and diamide 0.6 mM [Diami], paraquat 0.4 mM [Paraq], H2O2 0.1mM [H2O2] or no oxidative drug [Oxctl] were added to the medium. Samples were taken 10 minutes after addition
	(S3) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S4) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S5) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S6) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S7) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S8) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(Salt) Cells were grown in Spizizen’s minimal medium (SMM) at 37 °C with vigorous shaking. Salt was added, to a final concentration of 0.4 M to an exponentially growing culture of cells at OD500 of 0.4. Samples were harvested before [SMM] and 10 minutes after [Salt] NaCl addition.
Name	galE

KEGG Pathways

Description	Information
Pathway	Galactose metabolism (ko00052)
	Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (ko00520)
	O-Antigen nucleotide sugar biosynthesis (ko00541)
	Metabolic pathways (ko01100)

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