BSGatlas

walK

BSGatlas-gene-4690

BSGatlas

Description	Information
Coordinates	4151853..4153688
Genomic Size	1836 bp
Name	walK
Outside Links	SubtiWiki
	BsubCyc
Strand	-
Type	CDS

SubtiWiki

Description	Information
Alternative Name	walK
	walK
	yycG
Category	SW 1 Cellular processes
	SW 1.1 Cell envelope and cell division
	SW 1.1.5 Cell wall/ other
	SW 3 Information processing
	SW 3.3 Protein synthesis, modification and degradation
	SW 3.3.4 Protein modification
	SW 3.3.4.2 Protein kinases
	SW 3.4 Regulation of gene expression
	SW 3.4.2 Transcription factors and their control
	SW 3.4.2.2 Control of two-component response regulators
	SW 3.4.2.2.1 Two-component sensor kinase
	SW 6 Groups of genes
	SW 6.1 Essential genes
	SW 6.2 Membrane proteins
	SW 6.4 Phosphoproteins
	SW 6.4.4 Phosphorylation on a His residue
Description	two-component sensor kinase, controls cell wall metabolism, co-ordinates cell wall remodelling with [SW\|cell division] by controlling the transcription of genes for autolysins and their inhibitors
Enzyme Classifications	EC 2.7.13.3: histidine kinase
Function	control of cell wall metabolism
Is essential?	yes
Isoelectric point	4.78
Locus Tag	BSU_40400
Molecular weight	69.8559
Name	walK
Product	two-component sensor kinase

RefSeq

Description	Information
Alternative Locus Tag	BSU40400
Description	Evidence 1a: Function from experimental evidencesin the studied strain; PubMedId: 10878122, 12682299,15015732, 15153768, 17307850, 17370266, 19019149,22751669; Product type rc: receptor
Functions	16.12: Sense
	16.3: Control
Locus Tag	BSU_40400
Name	walK
Title	two-component sensor histidine kinase [YycG]
Type	CDS

BsubCyc

Description	Information
Alternative Name	yycG
Citation	Bisicchia P;Lioliou E;Noone D;Salzberg LI;Botella E;Hubner S;Devine KM Peptidoglycan metabolism is controlled by the WalRK (YycFG) and PhoPR two-component systems in phosphate-limited Bacillus subtilis cells. Mol Microbiol 75(4);972-89 (2010) PUBMED: 20487291
	Botella E;Hubner S;Hokamp K;Hansen A;Bisicchia P;Noone D;Powell L;Salzberg LI;Devine KM Cell envelope gene expression in phosphate-limited Bacillus subtilis cells. Microbiology 157(Pt 9);2470-84 (2011) PUBMED: 21636651
	Celikel R;Veldore VH;Mathews I;Devine KM;Varughese KI ATP forms a stable complex with the essential histidine kinase WalK (YycG) domain. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 68(Pt 7);839-45 (2012) PUBMED: 22751669
	Fakhruzzaman M;Inukai Y;Yanagida Y;Kino H;Igarashi M;Eguchi Y;Utsumi R Study on in vivo effects of bacterial histidine kinase inhibitor, Waldiomycin, in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. J Gen Appl Microbiol 61(5);177-84 (2015) PUBMED: 26582287
	Fukushima T;Furihata I;Emmins R;Daniel RA;Hoch JA;Szurmant H A role for the essential YycG sensor histidine kinase in sensing cell division. Mol Microbiol 79(2);503-22 (2011) PUBMED: 21219466
	Libby EA;Goss LA;Dworkin J The Eukaryotic-Like Ser/Thr Kinase PrkC Regulates the Essential WalRK Two-Component System in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS Genet 11(6);e1005275 (2015) PUBMED: 26102633
	Salzberg LI;Powell L;Hokamp K;Botella E;Noone D;Devine KM The WalRK (YycFG) and σ(I) RsgI regulators cooperate to control CwlO and LytE expression in exponentially growing and stressed Bacillus subtilis cells. Mol Microbiol 87(1);180-95 (2013) PUBMED: 23199363
	Velikova N;Bem AE;van Baarlen P;Wells JM;Marina A WalK, the Path towards New Antibacterials with Low Potential for Resistance Development. ACS Med Chem Lett 4(10);891-4 (2013) PUBMED: 24900578
	Watanabe T;Igarashi M;Okajima T;Ishii E;Kino H;Hatano M;Sawa R;Umekita M;Kimura T;Okamoto S;Eguchi Y;Akamatsu Y;Utsumi R Isolation and Characterization of Signermycin B, an Antibiotic That Targets the Dimerization Domain of Histidine Kinase WalK. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56(7);3657-63 (2012) PUBMED: 22526318
	Waters SM;Zeigler DR;Nicholson WL Experimental Evolution of Enhanced Growth by Bacillus subtilis at Low Atmospheric Pressure: Genomic Changes Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing. Appl Environ Microbiol 81(21);7525-32 (2015) PUBMED: 26296725
	Zhao H;Tang L Crystallographic characterization of a multidomain histidine protein kinase from an essential two-component regulatory system. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 65(Pt 4);346-9 (2009) PUBMED: 19342776
Comment	16.3: Control 16.12: Sense
Description	WalK two-component sensory histidine kinase, phosphorylated;WalK two-component sensory histidine kinase
Gene Ontology	GO:0000155 phosphorelay sensor kinase activity
	GO:0000160 phosphorelay signal transduction system
	GO:0000166 nucleotide binding
	GO:0004673 protein histidine kinase activity
	GO:0004871 NA
	GO:0005524 ATP binding
	GO:0005886 plasma membrane
	GO:0007165 signal transduction
	GO:0016020 membrane
	GO:0016021 integral component of membrane
	GO:0016301 kinase activity
	GO:0016310 phosphorylation
	GO:0016740 transferase activity
	GO:0016772 transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
	GO:0018106 peptidyl-histidine phosphorylation
	GO:0023014 signal transduction by protein phosphorylation
	GO:0031975 envelope
Locus Tag	BSU40400
Molecular weight	70.034
Name	walK

Nicolas et al. predictions

Description	Information
Expression neg. correlated with	BSU10390, BSU11260, BSU32950, BSU09889, BSU33640, BSU11410, BSU21310, new_2245307_2246150_c, new_3072180_3072285, BSU23410
Expression pos. correlated with	BSU40410, BSU40390, BSU40380, BSU40370, new_4154404_4154500_c, BSU17050, BSU28590, BSU06330, BSU41010, BSU06340
Highly expressed condition	(Cold) Cells were grown in a synthetic medium (J. Stülke, R. Hanschke, M. Hecker, J Gen Microbiol 139, 2041, Sep, 1993) with 0.2 % glucose as carbon source (Belitsky Minimal Medium/BMM) at 37 °C with vigorous shaking. Stress was applied to exponentially growing cultures at OD500nm of 0.4. Samples were harvested before stress [BMM]; after a rapid temperature up-shift from 37 °C to 48 °C [Heat]; after a temperature down-shift from 37 °C to 18 °C [Cold]. Ethanol stress was imposed by adding ethanol to a final concentration of 4 % (v/v) and cells were harvested 10 minutes after ethanol addition [Etha].
	(G135) Purified spores were obtained by growing cells in DSM medium (P. Schaeffer, J. Millet, J. P. Aubert, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54, 704, Sep, 1965) at 37°C for 48 hours after which they were washed ten times in ice cold distilled waterover a period of 5 days. Purified spores were heat activated at 70°C in Tris 10 mM pH8.4 and germination was initiated by the addition of L-alanine 10 mM (A. Moir, J Bacteriol 146, 1106, Jun, 1981). After incubation for one hour at 37°C, the culture was diluted with an equal volume of 2X LBmedium and germinating cells were harvested at 135, 150 or 180 minutes after addition of L-alanine [G135, G150 and G180].
	(G150) Purified spores were obtained by growing cells in DSM medium (P. Schaeffer, J. Millet, J. P. Aubert, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54, 704, Sep, 1965) at 37°C for 48 hours after which they were washed ten times in ice cold distilled waterover a period of 5 days. Purified spores were heat activated at 70°C in Tris 10 mM pH8.4 and germination was initiated by the addition of L-alanine 10 mM (A. Moir, J Bacteriol 146, 1106, Jun, 1981). After incubation for one hour at 37°C, the culture was diluted with an equal volume of 2X LBmedium and germinating cells were harvested at 135, 150 or 180 minutes after addition of L-alanine [G135, G150 and G180].
	(G180) Purified spores were obtained by growing cells in DSM medium (P. Schaeffer, J. Millet, J. P. Aubert, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 54, 704, Sep, 1965) at 37°C for 48 hours after which they were washed ten times in ice cold distilled waterover a period of 5 days. Purified spores were heat activated at 70°C in Tris 10 mM pH8.4 and germination was initiated by the addition of L-alanine 10 mM (A. Moir, J Bacteriol 146, 1106, Jun, 1981). After incubation for one hour at 37°C, the culture was diluted with an equal volume of 2X LBmedium and germinating cells were harvested at 135, 150 or 180 minutes after addition of L-alanine [G135, G150 and G180].
	(H2O2) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C. At OD540 of 0.3, the culture were divided into four subcultures and diamide 0.6 mM [Diami], paraquat 0.4 mM [Paraq], H2O2 0.1mM [H2O2] or no oxidative drug [Oxctl] were added to the medium. Samples were taken 10 minutes after addition
	(LBexp) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) [LB] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LBGstat) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) supplemented with glucose 0.3 % [LBG] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(Mt0) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(Oxctl) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C. At OD540 of 0.3, the culture were divided into four subcultures and diamide 0.6 mM [Diami], paraquat 0.4 mM [Paraq], H2O2 0.1mM [H2O2] or no oxidative drug [Oxctl] were added to the medium. Samples were taken 10 minutes after addition
	(Paraq) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C. At OD540 of 0.3, the culture were divided into four subcultures and diamide 0.6 mM [Diami], paraquat 0.4 mM [Paraq], H2O2 0.1mM [H2O2] or no oxidative drug [Oxctl] were added to the medium. Samples were taken 10 minutes after addition
Lowely expressed condition	(BT) A fresh colony grown on an LB plate was used to inoculate 10 ml of LB and grown for 10 hoursat 30°C. This culture wasused to inoculate 10 ml of MSgg medium (S.S. Branda et al., J Bacteriol 186, 3970, Jun, 2004) and incubated with vigorous shaking. The cultures in MSgg were diluted to the same extent in 96 wells microtiterplates (5 μl for 1.5 ml of medium) and incubated without shaking at 30°C. Cells from the control cultures were harvested after 24 hours of incubation [BT]. Biofilms were harvested from 96 well plates after incubation for 36 hours [B36] and 60 hours [B60].
	(Pyr) A 5 ml aliquot of LB medium was inoculated using frozen culture stocks. After a few hours growth at 37°C, precultures were prepared by inoculating 5 ml of M9 with this LB culture at several different dilutions usually ranging from 500- to 2000-fold. The dilution range was chosen so that one of these precultures had grown to and OD600 of 0.5 - 1.0 after overnight inculation. The chosen M9 medium precultures [at OD600 of 0.5 - 1.0] were used to inoculate 100 mL of M9 medium in 500 mL non-baffled shake flasks to an OD600 of 0.02. Filter-sterilized carbon sources were added separately to the medium M9 at following concentration: D-Glucose 3g/L[Glu], L-Malic acid 4.5g/L[Mal], L-Malic acid + D-Glucose 3 and 2g/L[M+G], D-Fructose 3g/L[Fru], D-Gluconate 4g/L[Glucon], Pyruvate 6g/L[Pyr], Glycerol 6g/L[Gly], Glutamic acid + Succinic acid 2 and 2g/L[G+S]. Where necessary, carbon source solutions were pH neutralized with 4 M NaOH prior to addition to the medium. Cells were harvested during the exponential growth phase.
	(S2) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S3) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S4) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S5) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S6) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S7) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S8) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
Name	walK

KEGG Pathways

Description	Information
Pathway	Two-component system (ko02020)

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