BSGatlas

parA

BSGatlas-gene-4762

BSGatlas

Description	Information
Coordinates	4206397..4207158
Genomic Size	762 bp
Name	parA
Outside Links	SubtiWiki
	BsubCyc
Strand	-
Type	CDS

SubtiWiki

Description	Information
Alternative Name	parA
	parA
	soj
	spo0JA
Category	SW 3 Information processing
	SW 3.1 Genetics
	SW 3.1.3 DNA condensation/ segregation
	SW 4 Lifestyles
	SW 4.2 Sporulation
	SW 4.2.3 Sporulation/ other
	SW 6 Groups of genes
	SW 6.2 Membrane proteins
Description	ATPase, centromere-like function involved in forespore chromosome partitioning / negative regulation of [[category\|SW 4.2]] initiation
Function	forespore chromosome partitioning / negative regulation of [[category\|SW 4.2]] initiation
Is essential?	no
Isoelectric point	4.9
Locus Tag	BSU_40970
Molecular weight	27.3939
Name	parA
Product	negative regulator of [[category\|SW 4.2]] initiation

RefSeq

Description	Information
Alternative Locus Tag	BSU40970
Description	Evidence 1a: Function from experimental evidencesin the studied strain; PubMedId: 11532141, 12950914,15659156, 15774898, 15998739, 16677298, 18077387,28166228; Product type f: factor
Functions	16.13: Shape
	16.9: Replicate
Locus Tag	BSU_40970
Name	parA
Title	chromosome partitioning protein; transcriptionalregulator
Type	CDS

BsubCyc

Description	Information
Alternative Name	soj
	spo0JA
Citation	Derouiche A;Shi L;Kalantari A;Mijakovic I Evolution and tinkering: what do a protein kinase, a transcriptional regulator and chromosome segregation/cell division proteins have in common? Curr Genet 62(1);67-70 (2016) PUBMED: 26286503
	Lioy VS;Volante A;Soberon NE;Lurz R;Ayora S;Alonso JC ParAB Partition Dynamics in Firmicutes: Nucleoid Bound ParA Captures and Tethers ParB-Plasmid Complexes. PLoS One 10(7);e0131943 (2015) PUBMED: 26161642
	Okumura H;Yoshimura M;Ueki M;Oshima T;Ogasawara N;Ishikawa S Regulation of chromosomal replication initiation by oriC-proximal DnaA-box clusters in Bacillus subtilis. Nucleic Acids Res 40(1);220-34 (2012) PUBMED: 21911367
	Scholefield G;Errington J;Murray H Soj/ParA stalls DNA replication by inhibiting helix formation of the initiator protein DnaA. EMBO J 31(6);1542-55 (2012) PUBMED: 22286949
	Scholefield G;Whiting R;Errington J;Murray H Spo0J regulates the oligomeric state of Soj to trigger its switch from an activator to an inhibitor of DNA replication initiation. Mol Microbiol 79(4);1089-100 (2011) PUBMED: 21235642
	Wang X;Montero Llopis P;Rudner DZ Bacillus subtilis chromosome organization oscillates between two distinct patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111(35);12877-82 (2014) PUBMED: 25071173
Comment	16.13: Shape 16.9: Replicate
Description	chromosome partitioning protein; transcriptional regulator
Gene Ontology	GO:0000166 nucleotide binding
	GO:0005515 protein binding
	GO:0005524 ATP binding
	GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity
	GO:0016787 hydrolase activity
	GO:0030435 sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
	GO:0042174 negative regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
	GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process
Locus Tag	BSU40970
Molecular weight	27.543
Name	parA

Nicolas et al. predictions

Description	Information
Expression neg. correlated with	new_4194210_4195441_c, new_4159457_4159757_c, BSU22250, new_2701783_2703117, new_525021_528076_c, BSU14980, BSU25730, new_2433788_2434859, new_1603592_1604734_c, BSU32850
Expression pos. correlated with	BSU40960, BSU29610, BSU06090, new_3809370_3809496_c, BSU14490, BSU27660, new_3645297_3645378_c, new_2829449_2829527_c, BSU27650, BSU22720
Highly expressed condition	(LBexp) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) [LB] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LBGstat) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) supplemented with glucose 0.3 % [LBG] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LBGtran) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) supplemented with glucose 0.3 % [LBG] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(LBtran) Cells were grown in Luria-Bertani medium (Sigma) [LB] at 37°C with vigorous shaking in flasks. Overnight cultures were diluted 2000-fold in fresh pre-warmed medium and samples were collected during the exponential [exp], transition [tran] and stationary [stat] phases of the growth cycle .
	(M0t45) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(M0t90) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(M40t45) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(M40t90) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(Mt0) Cells were grown in LB medium at 37°C with vigorous shaking. An exponentially growing culture (O.D.600 approx. 0.25) was divided: one culture acted as the control [no mitomycin C , M0] while mitomycin was added to the second culture to a final concentration of 40 ng/ml [mitomycin, M40]. Samples were harvested at 0, 45 and 90 minutes after mitomycin addition [t0, t45 and t90].
	(T0.30H) Anon-sporulating B. subtilis strain was grown in a modified M9 medium in batch culture (T. Hardiman, K. Lemuth, M. A. Keller, M. Reuss, M. Siemann-Herzberg, J Biotechnol 132, 359, Dec 1, 2007). Glucose was exhausted when the culture reached an OD600 of approx. 10 and this was designated T0 [T0.0H]. 7 samples were harvested at various times before glucose exhaustion [T-5.40H to T-0.40H] and 10 samples at various times after glucose exhaustion [T0.30H to T5.0H].
Lowely expressed condition	(B36) A fresh colony grown on an LB plate was used to inoculate 10 ml of LB and grown for 10 hoursat 30°C. This culture wasused to inoculate 10 ml of MSgg medium (S.S. Branda et al., J Bacteriol 186, 3970, Jun, 2004) and incubated with vigorous shaking. The cultures in MSgg were diluted to the same extent in 96 wells microtiterplates (5 μl for 1.5 ml of medium) and incubated without shaking at 30°C. Cells from the control cultures were harvested after 24 hours of incubation [BT]. Biofilms were harvested from 96 well plates after incubation for 36 hours [B36] and 60 hours [B60].
	(B60) A fresh colony grown on an LB plate was used to inoculate 10 ml of LB and grown for 10 hoursat 30°C. This culture wasused to inoculate 10 ml of MSgg medium (S.S. Branda et al., J Bacteriol 186, 3970, Jun, 2004) and incubated with vigorous shaking. The cultures in MSgg were diluted to the same extent in 96 wells microtiterplates (5 μl for 1.5 ml of medium) and incubated without shaking at 30°C. Cells from the control cultures were harvested after 24 hours of incubation [BT]. Biofilms were harvested from 96 well plates after incubation for 36 hours [B36] and 60 hours [B60].
	(S3) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S4) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S5) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S6) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S7) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(S8) Cells were grown in CH medium at 37°C and sporulation was induced by resuspension in warm sporulation medium as described by Sterlini and Mandelstam (J. M. Sterlini, J. Mandelstam, Biochem J 113, 29, Jun, 1969). The initiation of sporulation was designated T0, the time of resuspension. Samples were harvested at hourly intervals for 6 hours [S0 to S6] for the first set of experiments and for 8 hours [S0 to S8] for a second set of experiments.
	(Salt) Cells were grown in Spizizen’s minimal medium (SMM) at 37 °C with vigorous shaking. Salt was added, to a final concentration of 0.4 M to an exponentially growing culture of cells at OD500 of 0.4. Samples were harvested before [SMM] and 10 minutes after [Salt] NaCl addition.
	(Sw) Exponentially growing cells were spotted on 1 % agar LB plates and incubated at 37°C. Swarming cells were collected after 16 hours.
Name	parA

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